PSG has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.